Abstract McCune - Albright syndrome is a genetic disease with cutaneous mosaicism caused by post-zygotic activating mutations in GNAS locus, it has a triad of fibrous bone dysplasia, café-au-lait macules and precocious puberty. We examined a 22-year-old female patient with café au lait spot in right side of the abdomen, with a chessboard - like distribution, extending to right thigh with geographical contours, she has also an ovarian cyst, scoliosis and truncal obesity. Biopsies were taken from the hyperpigmented area and processed for light microscopy and for transmission electron microscopy. Light microscopy showed increased melanin pigment with HE staining. Immunohistochemistry with melanocytic markers (HMB-45 and Melan-A) revealed a normal number of melanocytes. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated normal epidermal structures, such as desmosomes, cytokeratin filaments and hemidesmosomes. With high magnifications an irregular melanossomal contour was seen, with some indentations in their outline.

RESUMO Os tumores testiculares são classificados em células germinativas e não germinativas, assim como os lipossarcomas. Relatamos o caso de um paciente com lipossarcoma testicular de grande dimensão submetido a tratamentos cirúrgicos com ressecção de bolsa escrotal e segmento do cordão espermático e do testículo esquerdo, apresentando boa evolução do quadro. O relato traz um dos primeiros casos de lipossarcoma testicular bem diferenciado com variante esclerosante, de grande dimensão e sem associação a outra neoplasia. Devido à localização, apresenta diagnóstico difícil e pouco habitual. Com a ressecção total do tumor e o acompanhamento médico regular, o paciente apresenta bom prognóstico, menor recidiva e pouca diferenciação celular.

ABSTRACT Testicular cancers are classified in germ cell and non-germ cell tumors, as well as, liposarcomas. We report the case of a patient with a large testicular liposarcoma, submitted to surgical treatment with excision of scrotal pouch and segment of the spermatic cord, and the left testicle, showing a good evolution. This report presents one of the first cases of a sclerosing variant of well-differentiated testicular liposarcoma, large in size and with no association with another cancer. Due to their location, the diagnosis is difficult and unusual. Complete tumor resection and regular medical follow-up show a good prognosis, less recurrence, and little cellular differentiation.

RESUMEN Los cánceres de testículo se clasifican en tumores de células germinales y células no germinales, así como en liposarcomas. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con un gran liposarcoma testicular, sometido a tratamiento quirúrgico con exéresis de la bolsa escrotal y segmento de cordón espermático y testículo izquierdo, con buena evolución. Este informe presenta uno de los primeros casos de una variante esclerosante de liposarcoma testicular bien diferenciado, de gran tamaño y sin asociación con otro cáncer. Debido a su ubicación, el diagnóstico es difícil e inusual. La resección completa del tumor y el seguimiento médico regular muestran un buen pronóstico, menor recidiva, y poca diferenciación celular.

RESUMO A fasciíte nodular (FN) é uma lesão proliferativa fibroblástica rara, de etiologia desconhecida, caráter benigno, crescimento rápido e provavelmente clonal, que se origina a partir de uma fáscia superficial para o tecido subcutâneo ou uma camada muscular adjacente. Também conhecida como fasciíte pseudossarcomatosa, esta síndrome clínica caracteriza-se por uma massa solitária de consistência endurecida, pouco dolorosa à palpação e sem predileção por gênero. O diagnóstico definitivo é feito por imuno-histoquímica, e o tratamento de escolha é o cirúrgico.

ABSTRACT Nodular fasciitis (NF) is a rare fibroblast proliferation of unknown etiology, with benign, rapid clonal growth, from a superficial fascia to the subcutaneous tissue or an adjacent muscular layer. Also known as pseudosarcomatous fasciitis, this clinical syndrome is characterized as a solitary mass of hardened consistency, painless palpation and no gender preference. The definitive diagnosis is made by immunohistochemistry and surgery is the treatment of choice.

RESUMEN La fascitis nodular (FN) es una lesión proliferativa fibroblástica rara, de etiología desconocida, naturaleza benigna, crecimiento rápido y probablemente clonal, que se origina en una fascia superficial hacia el tejido subcutáneo o una camada muscular adyacente. También conocida como fascitis pseudosarcomatosa, este síndrome clínico se caracteriza por un tumor solitario de consistencia endurecida, ligero dolor a la palpación y sin predilección por sexo. Su diagnóstico definitivo se hace por inmunohistoquímica, y el tratamiento de elección es el quirúrgico.

Abstract: Dermatofibroma is a proliferation of spindle cells located in the dermis. We used scanning electron microscopy to examine two histologically confirmed lesions and observed preserved collagen bundles in the perilesional area. In the lesional area, the collagen was denser, without formation of bundles. Higher magnification showed collagen with mesh-like appearance similar to stretched tufts of cotton. Very high magnification evidenced the tufts of cotton and spindle cells measuring 2 to 12 microns.

Abstract: We report the ultrastructural findings in a case of a 72-year-old black woman with confluent yellowish papules in the cervical region. She had no comorbidities. Ophthalmological examination, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram were normal. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the affected skin showed strong alterations in the mid-dermis with irregular clumps of eosinophilic material and loss of the normal parallel arrangement of collagen bundles. Orcein staining revealed that the elastic fibers lost their normal linear configuration, showing clump fragmentation, sometimes forming square structures. Transmission electron microscopy showed aberrant elastic fibers with an irregular outline and heterogenic inner structures. We also observed small elastic fibers. Collagen fibers showed a normal structure with irregular distribution. Scanning electron microscopy revealed important disorganization of collagen fibers and small stone-like deposits measuring around 5 µm associated with bigger structures ranging from 10-16 µm. Higher magnification revealed that these small stone-like structures were sometimes polyhedral-shaped or squared.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis caused by the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and is endemic to Brazil. The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of the PCM cases in the countryside south of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The files from four histopathology laboratories located in the city of Pelotas were obtained, and all of the epidemiological and clinical data from the PCM diagnosed cases were collected for analysis. A total of 123 PCM cases diagnosed between 1966 and 2009 were selected. Of these patients, 104 (84.5%) were male, and 17 were female. The patients ranged from 02 to 92 years of age. Fifty-two cases (41.9%) were obtained from the oral pathology laboratory, and the remaining 71 cases (58.1%) were obtained from the three general pathology laboratories. Of all of the patients studied, 65.2% lived in rural zones and worked in agriculture or other related fields. Data on the evolution of this disease was available for 43 cases, and the time frame ranged from 20 to 2920 days (mean = 572.3 days). An accurate diagnosis performed in less than 30 days only occurred in 21% of the cases. PCM is endemic to the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul. Therefore, it is recommended that PCM be included as a differential diagnosis, mainly for individuals between 30 and 60 years of age, living in rural zones and who have respiratory signs and associated-oropharyngeal lesions.

Non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma of the spermatic cord are rare. There is the registration of 14 (fourteen) cases of spermatic cord lymphoma in the literature, all treated with radical orchiectomy with or without radiotherapy. The adjuvant chemotherapy still is not a consensus, therefore the therapy must be individualized and applied according to the stage of the disease. The present study report a new case of primary non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma of the spermatic cord treated with radical orchiectomy through inguinal via with precocious ligature of the spermatic cord and adjuvant chemotherapy. Presently found with 2 and a half years of follow-up without recidivation clinical evidence, as the image exams show to be normal.

A localização muscular dos cistos hidáticos é incomum (0,5 a 5,4%) e geralmente secundária à doença hepática ou pulmonar. Reporta-se um caso de hidatidose intramuscular glútea, chamando-se a atenção para essa localização atípica da doença, que deve ser considerada na prática cirúrgica. A inexistência de cistos concomitantes nas sedes mais comuns confere interesse ainda maior ao caso apresentado.

The muscular localization of the hydatid cyst is uncommon (0.5 to 5.4%) and it is usually secondary to hepatic or pulmonary disease. A case of gluteus intramuscular hydatid cyst is reported, calling attention to this atypical localization of the disease, which should be taken into account in the practice of surgery. The absence of residual cysts in the most common sites confers a higher interest to the case reported in this work.

Descreve-se o caso de um menino de cinco anos, no qual, durante o controle de tratamento de pneumonia adquirida na comunidade, foi evidenciada uma massa circunscrita, heterogênea, no lobo superior esquerdo. Foi realizada lobectomia superior esquerda, com diagnóstico histológico pós-operatório de pseudotumor inflamatório histiocítico. Não se detectou recorrência nos quatro anos de pós-operatório. De etiologia ignorada, essas lesões podem ter comportamento local semelhante ao de sarcomas, razões que fazem da exérese com amplas margens cirúrgicas o método de eleição para diagnóstico e tratamento simultâneos.

The authors described a case of a five year old boy having an inflammatory pseudotumor (fibrohistiocytic granuloma) in the left upper lobe. Surgical excision was undertaken, and the four year outcome was favorable. These tumors are rare and can simulate sarcomas, so that a radical excision is considered the diagnostic procedure and the treatment of choice as well.